Symbol for cycle 4. Symbol for a constant value mathematics cubic centimeter Carrier-to-Interference Ratio characters per inch 1. Symbol for Capacitor or Capacitance electronics 2. Symbol for Coulomb unit of electric charge 3. Symbol for Collector transistor circuit diagrams 4. Symbol for Celsius temperature unit 5. Symbol for speed of light in a vacuum 6.
A programming language 1. Computer and Communications 2. Communication Agent 2. Conditional Access. Call Appearance 4. Cell Allocation GSM 5. Certicate Authority digital certicate 1. Civil Aviation Administration or Authority 2.
Customer Administration Center 2. Carrier Access Code 3. Code Abuse Detection System 2. Computer Abuse Detection System 1. Customer Activation Group Inmarsat 2. Conditional Access Gateway 3. Conguration and Alarm Interface. Conditional Access Interface Server calorie unit of heat 1.
CAN Application Layer 2. Computer-Aided Learning e-learning 3. Carrier Module 4. Content-Addressable Memory 6. Conditional Access Module TV viewing card 7. Call Accounting Manager 8.
Control Area Network 2. Controller Area Network 3. Competitive-Access Provider 2. Client Access Protocol 3. Carrierless Amplitude and Phase modulation 4. Cellular Array Processor Fujitsu 5. Cryptography Application Program Interface 2. Call Attempts Per Second 2. Capital letters keyboard 1.
Code Abuse Prevention System 2. Channel Associated Signaling 2. Centralized Attendant Service 3. Communications Applications Specication 4. Conditional Access Segment TV broadcasting 5. Collision Avoidance System electronics 6. Common Application Service Elements 1. Computer-Aided Teaching e-learning 2. Computerized Axial Tomography medicine 4. Conditional Access Table 5. Council for Access Technologies 6. Communications Authority of Thailand 7. Clear-Air Turbulence. Controlled Avalanche Transit-time Triode semiconductors 2.
China Academy of Telecommunications Technology 1. Community Antenna Television broadcasting 2. Community Access Television 3. Cable Television 1. Cave Automatic Virtual Environment 2. Cellular Authentication and Voice Encryption 1. Check Bits 2. Cell Broadcast GSM 3. Compensation Buffer 4. Citizens Band radio service Citizens Band Radio 1. Could Be Anything fault type 2. Community Broadcasters Association U.
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation company 2. Cipher Block Chaining data encryption 3. Computer-Based Fax 2. Community Broadcasters Foundation Ltd. Computer-Based Learning e-learning 2. Carrier and Bit Timing Recovery 2. Carson Bandwidth Rule 1. Certied Banyan Specialist Banyan Systems 2.
Columbia Broadcasting System 3. Computer-Based Training e-learning 2. Core-Based Trees IP multicast 3. Cincinnati Bell Telephone company U. Call Control GSM 2. Carbon Copy fax and e-mail 3. Courtesy Copy e-mail 4. Cross Connect 5. Country Code 6. Company Code 7. Constant Current 1. Carrier-Controlled Approach 2. Cluster Control Bus 3. Call Completion to Busy Subscriber 2. Customer Care and Billing System 1. Clear Channel Capability data transmission 2. Clear Coded Channel 3.
Center for Corporate Communications 4. Call Control Character telephony 5. Command and Control Center 6. Customer Care Center Inmarsat 7. Credit Card Call 8. Cluster Control Function 2. Co-Channel Interference 2. Comite Consultatif des International Radiocommunications 2. Common-Channel Interofce Signaling 2. Control Command Information System 1. Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique 2. Conguration Control Link 2. Carrier Common Line charge 1.
Cross Connection Management 2. Counter-Counter Measure electronics. Computer-Controlled Microwave Tuner microwave 1. Cisco Certied Network Associate Cisco 2. Cluster Control Processor 2. Compression Control Protocol 3. Carrier and Clock Recovery 2. Customer Control Routing 1. Clear Conrmation Signal data communications 3. Common Communication Support protocol 4. Continuity Check Tone 2. Computer Compatible Tape 3.
Consultative Committee of Telecommunications 4. Cluster Control Unit 2. Communication Control Unit minicomputers 3. Cable Cutoff Wavelength ber optics 2. Compact Disk 2. Carrier Detect modems 3. Collision Detection 4.
Campus Distributor Campus backbone cable 5. Count Down 6. Call Denition 7. Communications Decency Act 2. Clock Distribution Board 2. Code Data Byte software downloading 1. Control and Delay Channel 2.
Customer Data Change 3. Chromatic Dispersion Coefcient ber optics 4. Combined Distribution Frame 3. Cumulative Distribution Function 4. Clock Distribution Interface 2. Conditioned Diphase Modulation 2. China Digital Media pay TV operator 3. Control Directory Number 2. Content Data Network 3. Cisco Discovery Protocol Cisco 2.
Customized Dial Plan 3. Call Data Record 2. Call Detail Record cellular networks 3. Critical Design Review 5. Circuit Data Services 2. Credit allocation packet Switching 2. Center for Democracy and Technology. Control Data Terminal 4. Compressed Digital Video 3.
Connection Endpoint ATM 2. Circuit Emulation 3. Commission of the European Communities 2. China Electric Company 3. Coast Earth Station Inmarsat 2. Call Forwarding GSM 2. Compact Flash memory 3.
Center Frequency 4. Critical Frequency propagation Compact Flash Plus memory 1. Carrier Failure Alarm transmission 2. Commercial Frame Agreement Inmarsat 3. Carrier Facility Assignment 4.
Connecting Facility Assignment 5. Connecting Facility Arrangement 6. Consumer Federation of America 7. Compact Flash Association 8. Coded File Format 2. Companded Frequency Modulation 2. Carrier Financial Management 3. Confirmation to Receive frame 2. Carrier Group Alarm 2. Color Graphics Adapter ! Common Gateway Interface Internet 2. Computer Graphics Interface 3. Clear Indication 2. Cell Identity GSM 3. Congestion Indicator ATM 4. Certied Integrator 5.
Customer Interface Conguration 2. Carrier Identication Code 3. Circuit Identication Code SS7 4. Content Indicator Code 5. Customer Identity British term 2. Caller ID telephony service 3. Circuit Designator 4. Charge-Injection Device semiconductors 5. Commercial Internet Exchange 2.
Common Intermediate Format video compression 4. Common Interchange Format. Computer-Input Microlm 3. Common Information Model network management 4. Certied Internet Professional 2. Computer Interface Program 4. Committed Information Rate frame relay 3. Communications Industry Researchers company 5. Carrier to Interference Ratio 6.
Communications and Information Systems 2. Complex-Instruction-Set Computer processor chips 2. Comite International Special des Perturbations Radioelectriques 1. Communications and Information Technology 2. Computer Integrated Telephone. Communications Line Controller 2. Common Logic Equipment 2. Command-Line Interface 3. Certied Linux Professional 1. Connection Loudness Rating 3. Circuit Layout Record type of service 1. Connectionless Server 2. Control Line Setting 3.
Conguration Management wireless 2. Connection Management GSM 3. Connection Matrix MUX 4. Computing Module 5.
Common Messaging Calls 2. Comsat Mobile Communications 3. Communications Management Conguration 5. Customer Management Complex 6. Computer-Managed Instruction e-learning 2. Coded-Mark Inversion data encoding 3. Control Mode Idle Circular mil measure of sectional area of a wire. Current-Mode Logic digital electronics 2. Cluster Management Processor 2. Communications Management Processor 3.
Chip-level Multiprocessing 1. Cellular Mobile Radio 2. Cluster Management System 2. Content Management System 3. Changeable Message Sign 4. Call Management Services 5. Cellular Mobile Telephone System 2. Complementary Network 2. Change Notice 3. Control Network ATM 1.
Cooperative Network Architecture 3. Central Node Controller 2. Computerized Numerical Control 1. Calling Number Display 2. Calling Number Identication Service wireless 2. Customer is Not Ready 3. Complementary Network Service 2. Connection Oriented 2. Central Ofce Equipment 2. Central Ofce Engineer 1. Central Ofce Equipment Report of a telephone company 2. Computing Technology Industry Association U. Computer Security 1. Circuit Order Management System 2. Copolar antennas 1. Cable Organizer Panel 2.
Connection Oriented Service 2. Compatible for Open Systems 3. Customer Originated Trace feature 3. Correlation Tracking And Triangulation trajectories 2. Connection-Oriented Transport Service 2.
Commercial Off-The-Shelf military 3. Cell site On Wheels 2. Character-Oriented Windows. Circular Polarization 2. Control Point networking 3. Connection Point 4. Change Proposal Inmarsat 5. Customer Premises 6. Carrier Pulse Control Program for Microcomputers 1. Co-Polarization Attenuation 2. Close Point of Approach shipboard radar 4. Cost Per Action 5. Center for Policy Alternatives Internet 6.
Computer Press Association 7. Chip Protection Act 8. Corporation for Public Broadcasting 2. Central Processing Board 1. Customer Port Controller 2. Calling Party Control 3. Customer Premises Equipment networking 2.
Common Programming Interface computer 3. Computer to PBX Interface 5. Cost Per Inquiry 1. Commercial Private Line 2. Call Processing Language programming 3. Critical Path Method project control 2.
Customer Premise Management 3. Cable Plant Management 4. Communications Processor Module 5. Continuous Phase Modulation 1. Calling Party Number 2. Customer Premises Network 3. Calling Party Pays telephone call charge 2. Cellular Priority Service 2. Call Progress Signal 3. Cassette Preparation System TV broadcasting 4. Co-Planar Stripline 5. Call Progress Tone 2. Carriage Return control character of printers 2. Call Reference 3. Call Register telephone switch 4. Call Request 5.
Channel Reliability 6. Connection Request 7. Contrast Ratio screens 8. Cyclic Redundancy Check data error detection 2. Communications Research Center Canada 3.
Cluster Reconciliation Descriptor 2. Critical Itelligence Communications 1. Call Record Management 2. Complete with Related Order 2. Capacity Reserve Pool 2. Cabling Reference Panel 3. Command Repeat 1. Coast Radio Station 2. Cluster Startup 2. Cell Selection. Chip Select electronics 4. Control Strobe logic signal 5. Communication Satellite broadcasting 7. Capability Sets INs 8. Canadian Standards Association Canada 3. Canadian Space Agency Canada 4. Comprehensive System Accounting 5.
Common Signaling Channel 2. Cospas-Sarsat Council 3. Circuit Switching Center 4. Customer Service Coordinator 6. Customer Service Consultant 7.
Cluster Specic Descriptor 2. Cellular Security Device 3. Communications Security Establishment Canada 2. Clique Storing Facility 2. Called Subscriber Identication 2. Cellular Specialties Inc. Computo Service Inc. Communications Services Limited 2. Current-Sinking Logic digital electronics 3. Communication Systems Management 2. Communications Security Material 3. Cell-Site Modem 4. Clock Supply Module 5. The intensive care unit ICU is one area of the hospital in which processes and communication are of primary importance.
Errors in intensive care units can lead to serious adverse events with significant consequences for patients. Therefore quality and risk-management are important measures when treating critically ill patients. A pragmatic approach to support quality and safety in intensive care is peer review. This approach has gained significant acceptance over the past years. It consists of mutual visits by colleagues who conduct standardised peer reviews.
These reviews focus on the systematic evaluation of the quality of an ICU's structure, its processes and outcome. Together with different associations, the State Chambers of Physicians and the German Medical Association have developed peer review as a standardized tool for quality improvement. The common goal of all stakeholders is the continuous and sustainable improvement in intensive care with peer reviews significantly increasing and improving communication between professions and disciplines.
Peer reviews secure the sustainability of planned change processes and consequently lead the way to an improved culture of quality and safety. Using systematic review in occupational safety and health. Evaluation of scientific evidence is critical in developing recommendations to reduce risk. Healthcare was the first scientific field to employ a systematic review approach for synthesizing research findings to support evidence-based decision-making and it is still the largest producer and consumer of systematic reviews.
Systematic reviews in the field of occupational safety and health are being conducted, but more widespread use and adoption would strengthen assessments. This paper describes how essential systematic review elements can be adapted for use in occupational systematic reviews to enhance their scientific quality, objectivity, transparency, reliability, utility, and acceptability.
Published This article is a U. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Organizational factors affecting safety implementation in food companies in Thailand. Thai food industry employs a massive number of skilled and unskilled workers. This may result in an industry with high incidences and accident rates. To improve safety and reduce the accident figures, this paper investigates factors influencing safety implementation in small, medium, and large food companies in Thailand.
Five factors , i. The statistical analyses also reveal that small, medium, and large food companies hold similar opinions on the risk factor , but bear different perceptions on the other 4 factors.
It is also found that to improve safety implementation, the perceptions of safety goals, communication, feedback, safety resources, and supervision should be aligned in small, medium, and large companies. Investigation of structural factors of safety for the space shuttle.
A study was made of the factors governing the structural design of the fully reusable space shuttle booster to establish a rational approach to select optimum structural factors of safety.
The study included trade studies of structural factors of safety versus booster service life, weight, cost, and reliability. Similar trade studies can be made on other vehicles using the procedures developed. The major structural components of a selected baseline booster were studied in depth, each being examined to determine the fatigue life, safe-life, and fail-safe capabilities of the baseline design.
Each component was further examined to determine its reliability and safety requirements, and the change of structural weight with factors of safety. The apparent factors of safety resulting from fatigue, safe-life, proof test, and fail-safe requirements were identified. The feasibility of reduced factors of safety for design loads such as engine thrust, which are well defined, was examined.
Space station crew safety alternatives study. Volume 3: Safety impact of human factors. The first 15 years of accumulated space station concepts for Initial Operational Capability IOC during the early 's was considered.
Twenty-five threats to the space station are identified and selected threats addressed as impacting safety criteria, escape and rescue, and human factors safety concerns. Of particular interest here is volume three of five volumes pertaining to the safety impact of human factors.
Overview of critical risk factors in Power-Two-Wheeler safety. Power-Two-Wheelers PTWs constitute a vulnerable class of road users with increased frequency and severity of accidents.
The present paper focuses of the PTW accident risk factors and reviews existing literature with regard to the PTW drivers' interactions with the automobile drivers, as well as interactions with infrastructure elements and weather conditions.
Several critical risk factors are revealed with different levels of influence to PTW accident likelihood and severity. A broad classification based on the magnitude and the need for further research for each risk factor is proposed. The paper concludes by discussing the importance of dealing with accident configurations, the data quality and availability, methods implemented to model risk and exposure and risk identification which are critical for a thorough understanding of the determinants of PTW safety.
Safety analysis and review system SARS assessment report. Under DOE Order Asmore » part of this effort, a number of site visits and interviews were conducted, and FE SARS documents were reviewed. Analysis of factors influencing safety management for metro construction in China. With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the number and size of metro construction projects are increasing quickly. At the same time, and increasing number of accidents in metro construction make it a disturbing focus of social attention.
In order to improve safety management in metro construction, an investigation of the participants' perspectives on safety factors in China metro construction has been conducted to identify the key safety factors , and their ranking consistency among the main participants, including clients, consultants, designers, contractors and supervisors. The result of factor analysis indicates that there are five key factors which influence the safety of metro construction including safety attitude, construction site safety , government supervision, market restrictions and task unpredictability.
In addition, ANOVA and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were performed to test the consistency of the means rating and the ranking of safety factors. The results indicated that the main participants have significant disagreement about the importance of safety factors on more than half of the items. Suggestions and recommendations on practical countermeasures to improve metro construction safety management in China are proposed. Toy-related injuries account for a significant number of childhood injuries and the prevention of these injuries remains a goal for regulatory agencies and manufacturers.
Text-mining is an increasingly prevalent method for uncovering the significance of words using big data. We then use the smoke word lists to score over one million Amazon reviews , with the top scores denoting potential safety concerns. We compare the smoke word list to conventional sentiment analysis techniques, in terms of both word overlap and effectiveness. The high thermal conductivity of sodium has demonstrated high heat transfer rates on dish and towers systems, which allow a reduction in receiver area by a factor of two to four, reducing re-radiation and convection losses and cost by a similar factor.
This advantage could increase the receiver and system efficiency while lowering the cost of CSP tower systems. Although there are a number of desirable thermal performance advantages associated with sodium, its propensity to rapidly oxidize presents safety challenges.
Technical and operational solutions addressing sodium safety and applications in CSP will be discussed, including unique safety hazards and advantages using latent sodium. Operation and maintenance experience from the nuclear industry with sensible and latent systems will also be discussed in the context of safety challenges and risk mitigation solutions. Phenomenological studies on sodium for CSP applications: A safety review. This advantage could increase the efficiency while lowering the cost of CSP tower systems.
Although there are a number of desirable thermal performance advantages associated with sensible sodium, its propensity to rapidly oxidize presents safety challenges. Lessons obtained from the nuclear industry with sensible and latent systems will also be discussed in the context of safety challenges and risk mitigation solutions.
Status of patient safety culture in Arab countries: a systematic review. Design Systematic review. We included studies that were conducted in the Arab countries that were focused on patient safety culture. Results 18 studies met our inclusion criteria. The review identified that non-punitive response to error is seen as a serious issue which needs to be improved.
We found an overall similarity between the reported composite score for dimension of teamwork within units in all of the reviewed studies.
Teamwork within units was found to be better than teamwork across hospital units. All of the reviewed studies reported that organisational learning and continuous improvement was satisfactory as the average score of this dimension for all studies was Moreover, the review found that communication openness seems to be a concerning issue for healthcare professionals in the Arab countries.
Conclusions There is a need to promote patient safety culture as a strategy for improving the patient safety in the Arab world. Improving patient safety culture should include all stakeholders, like policymakers, healthcare providers and those responsible for medical education.
This review was limited only to English language publications. The varied settings in which the HSPSC was used may have influenced the areas of strengths and weaknesses as healthcare workers' perception of safety culture may differ.
Critical factors and paths influencing construction workers' safety risk tolerances. While workers' safety risk tolerances have been regarded as a main reason for their unsafe behaviors, little is known about why different people have different risk tolerances even when confronting the same situation.
The aim of this research is to identify the critical factors and paths that influence workers' safety risk tolerance and to explore how they contribute to accident causal model from a system thinking perceptive. A number of methods were carried out to analyze the data collected through interviews and questionnaire surveys.
In the first and second steps of the research, factor identification, factor ranking and factor analysis were carried out, and the results show that workers' safety risk tolerance can be influenced by four groups of factors , namely: 1 personal subjective perception; 2 work knowledge and experiences; 3 work characteristics; and 4 safety management. In the third step of the research, hypothetical influencing path model was developed and tested by using structural equation modeling SEM. Specifically, safety management contributes the most to workers' safety risk tolerance through its direct effect and indirect effect; while personal subjective perception comes the second and can act as an intermedia for work characteristics.
This research provides an in-depth insight of workers' unsafe behaviors by depicting the contributing factors as shown in the accident causal model developed in this research. Patient safety in psychiatric inpatient care: a literature review. Patient safety is widely discussed, but little has been written from the perspective of psychiatric inpatient care, nor on which factors create its patient safety. This paper seeks to understand the concept of patient safety and its intension in psychiatric inpatient care, and to identify factors in organization management, staff and patients' roles which constitute patient safety in such units.
A literature search was conducted, and the articles selected were analysed by identifying factors defined to be connected to patient safety and classifying them according to their connection to organization management, staff and patient roles. According to the literature, organization safety culture is present in all aspects of patient safety. Organization management has the main role in patient safety within the organization culture, for example, through leadership, safety practices and creating good working conditions and environment for the staff.
Staff's role is influenced by management, but has more individual input in different areas, while the patient's role is more that of an informant so that care can be planned according to the patient's preferences.
When developing patient safety it is important to remember the diversity of the concept so that all areas are considered in the developmental work. Safety of allergen immunotherapy: a review of premedication and dose adjustment. From the first allergen immunotherapy proposed in the early s to the present day, numerous studies have proven the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic asthma and stinging insect hypersensitivity.
The major risk, however small, with allergen immunotherapy is anaphylaxis. There has been considerable interest and debate regarding risk factors for immunotherapy reactions local and systemic and interventions to reduce the occurrence of these reactions. One of these interventions that is especially debated regards dose adjustment for various reasons, but in particular for local reactions.
In this review , we discuss the safety of immunotherapy and provide a comprehensive review of the literature regarding immunotherapy schedules and doses. Safety and efficacy of physical restraints for the elderly. Review of the evidence. OBJECTIVE: To critically review evidence on the safety and efficacy of physical restraints for the elderly and to provide family physicians with guidelines for rational use of restraints. Eight original research articles were identified and critically appraised.
General data about current patterns of restraint use were related to safety and efficacy findings. A variety of study design, including retrospective chart review , prospective cohort studies, and case reports, found little evidence that restraints prevent injury. Some evidence suggested that restraints might increase risk of falls and injury. Restraint-reduction programs have not been shown to increase fall or injury rates.
Numerous case reports document injuries or deaths resulting from restraint use or misuse. Information from review and research articles was synthesized in this paper to produce guidelines for the safe and rational use of restraints. Design Systematic research review. Data Sources PsychInfo to July , Medline to July , Embase to July and Scopus to July were searched, along with reference lists of eligible articles.
Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies Quantitative, empirical studies that included i either a measure of wellbeing or burnout, and ii patient safety , in healthcare staff populations.
Results Forty-six studies were identified. Sixteen out of the 27 studies that measured wellbeing found a significant correlation between poor wellbeing and worse patient safety , with six additional studies finding an association with some but not all scales used, and one study finding a significant association but in the opposite direction to the majority of studies.
Twenty-one out of the 30 studies that measured burnout found a significant association between burnout and patient safety , whilst a further four studies found an association between one or more but not all subscales of the burnout measures employed, and patient safety.
Conclusions Poor wellbeing and moderate to high levels of burnout are associated, in the majority of studies reviewed , with poor patient safety outcomes such as medical errors, however the lack of prospective studies reduces the ability to determine causality. Further prospective studies, research in primary care, conducted within the UK, and a clearer definition of healthcare staff wellbeing are needed.
A systematic review ]. Used for over a decade, patient safety leadership walkrounds PSLWs is a managerial method designed to enhance the implementation of safety measures in hospitals. In order to determine the effect of PSLWs in French hospitals, we reviewed the literature on participant perceptions and the impact of PSLW on the overall culture of safety.
We conducted a systematic review of articles assessing the impact of PSLWs on the culture of safety comparative studies or the perceptions of caregivers and managers qualitative studies.
Five studies investigating safety culture and three studies investigating participant perception were identified. PSLWs were associated with an improvement in safety culture and the overall safety climate.
The presence of caregivers during the PSLWs was important to achieve improvement. PSLWs improved the dialogue between caregivers and managers, and improved knowledge on care safety. Some problems concerning managerial PSLW attendance and counter-productive attitudes have occasionally been reported. PSLWs improve safety culture. Their effectiveness depends on the way they are implemented.
They should initially be tested in France to ensure their feasibility and acceptability in our healthcare system. Inhibition of Fear by Learned Safety Signals: minisymposium review.
Safety signals are learned cues that predict the non-occurrence of an aversive event. As such, safety signals are potent inhibitors of fear and stress responses. Investigations of safety signal learning have increased over the last few years due in part to the finding that traumatized persons are unable to utilize safety cues to inhibit fear, making it a clinically relevant phenotype.
The goal of this review is to present recent advances relating to the neural and behavioral mechanisms of safety learning and expression in rodents, non-human primates and humans. Patient safety in out-of-hours primary care: a review of patient records. Most patients receive healthcare in primary care settings, but relatively little is known about patient safety. Out-of-hours contacts are of particular importance to patient safety.
Our aim was to examine the incidence, types, causes, and consequences of patient safety incidents at general practice cooperatives for out-of-hours primary care and to examine which factors were associated with the occurrence of patient safety incidents.
A retrospective study of 1, medical records concerning patient contacts with four general practice cooperatives.
Reviewers identified records with evidence of a potential patient safety incident; a physician panel determined whether a patient safety incident had indeed occurred.
In addition, the panel determined the type, causes, and consequences of the incidents. Factors associated with incidents were examined in a random coefficient logistic regression analysis. In 1, patient records, 27 patient safety incidents were identified, an incident rate of 2. All incidents had at least partly been caused by failures in clinical reasoning. Eight incidents had consequences for the patient, such as additional interventions or hospitalisation.
Logistic regression analysis showed that age was significantly related to incident occurrence: the likelihood of an incident increased with 1. Patient safety incidents occur in out-of-hours primary care, but most do not result in harm to patients. As clinical reasoning played an important part in these incidents, a better understanding of clinical reasoning and guideline adherence at GP cooperatives could contribute to patient safety.
Factors influencing nurses' perceptions of occupational safety. To determine nurses' perceptions of occupational safety and their work environment and examine the sociodemographic traits and job characteristics that influence their occupational safety , we studied a sample of nurses. According to the nurses, the quality of their work environment is average, and occupational safety is insufficient. In the subdimensions of the work environment scale, it was determined that the nurses think "labor force and other resources" are insufficient.
In the occupational safety subdimensions "occupational illnesses and complaints" and "administrative support and approaches," they considered occupational safety to be insufficient. This study determined that hospital administrations should develop and immediately implement plans to ameliorate communication and clinical precautions and to reduce exposure to violence.
Patient safety has become a major public concern. Human factors research in other high-risk fields has demonstrated how rigorous study of factors that affect job performance can lead to improved outcome and reduced errors after evidence-based redesign of tasks or systems. These techniques have increasingly been applied to the anesthesia work environment. This paper describes data obtained recently using task analysis and workload assessment during actual patient care and the use of cognitive task analysis to study clinical decision making.
The results support the assertion that human factors research can make important contributions to patient safety. Information technologies play a key role in these efforts. Human factors research in anesthesia patient safety. A novel concept of "non-routine events" is introduced and pilot data are presented. Economic evaluation in patient safety : a literature review of methods.
Patient safety practices, targeting organisational changes for improving patient safety , are implemented worldwide but their costs are rarely evaluated. This paper provides a review of the methods used in economic evaluation of such practices.
International medical and economics databases were searched for peer- reviewed publications on economic evaluations of patient safety between and in English and French. This was complemented by a manual search of the reference lists of relevant papers. Grey literature was excluded. Studies were described using a standardised template and assessed independently by two researchers according to six quality criteria.
Healthcare-associated infections were the most common subject of evaluation, followed by medication-related errors and all types of adverse events. Of these, 10 were selected that had adequately fulfilled one or several key quality criteria for illustration. Low methodological transparency can be a problem for building evidence from available economic evaluations. Investing in the economic design and reporting of studies with more emphasis on defining study perspectives, data collection and methodological choices could be helpful for strengthening our knowledge base on practices for improving patient safety.
The intent is to bury uranium in pits that would be separated by a specified amount of undisturbed soil. The NCSE under review concludes that a gram limit per burial position is acceptable to ensure the burial site remains in a critically safe configuration for all normal and single credible abnormal conditions. This reviewer agrees with that conclusion. Achievements and challenges of Space Station Freedom's safety review process. The most complex space vehicle in history, Space Station Freedom, is well underway to completion, and System Safety is a vital part of the program.
The purpose is to summarize and illustrate the progress that over one-hundred System Safety engineers have made in identifying, documenting, and controlling the hazards inherent in the space station. During the eight weeks of safety reviews spread out over a year and a half, over preliminary hazard reports were presented. Along the way NASA and its contractors faced many challenges, made much progress, and even learned a few lessons. Federal Register , , , , Examining markers of safety in homecare using the international classification for patient safety.
Background Homecare is a growth enterprise. The nature of the care provided in the home is growing in complexity. This growth has necessitated both examination and generation of evidence around patient safety in homecare. The purpose of this paper is to examine the findings of a recent scoping review of the homecare literature using the World Health Organization International Classification for Patient Safety ICPS , which was developed for use across all care settings, and discuss the utility of the ICPS in the home setting.
The scoping review identified seven safety markers for homecare: Medication mania; Home alone; A fixed agenda in a foreign language; Strangers in the home; The butcher, the baker, the candlestick maker; Out of pocket: the cost of caring at home; and My health for yours: declining caregiver health. Conclusion The ICPS does have applicability to the homecare setting, however there were aspects of safety that were overlooked.
A notable example is that the health of the caregiver is inextricably linked to the wellbeing of the patient within the homecare setting. The current concepts within the ICPS classes do not capture this, nor do they capture how care. Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission.
The seal of the Commission shall consist of: A gold eagle Space station crew safety : Human factors interaction model. A model of the various human factors issues and interactions that might affect crew safety is developed.
The first step addressed systematically the central question: How is this space station different from all other spacecraft? A wide range of possible issue was identified and researched. Second, an interaction model was developed that would show some degree of cause and effect between objective environmental or operational conditions and the creation of potential safety hazards.
The intermediary steps between these two extremes of causality were the effects on human performance and the results of degraded performance. The model contains three milestones: stressor, human performance degraded and safety hazard threshold. Between these milestones are two countermeasure intervention points. The first opportunity for intervention is the countermeasure against stress.
If this countermeasure fails, performance degrades. The second opportunity for intervention is the countermeasure against error. If this second countermeasure fails, the threshold of a potential safety hazard may be crossed. Factors influencing acceptance of technology for aging in place: a systematic review. To provide an overview of factors influencing the acceptance of electronic technologies that support aging in place by community-dwelling older adults.
Since technology acceptance factors fluctuate over time, a distinction was made between factors in the pre-implementation stage and factors in the post-implementation stage.
A systematic review of mixed studies. Inclusion criteria were as follows: 1 original and peer- reviewed research, 2 qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods research, 3 research in which participants are community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older, and 4 research aimed at investigating factors that influence the intention to use or the actual use of electronic technology for aging in place.
Three researchers each read the articles and extracted factors. Sixteen out of articles were included. Most articles investigated acceptance of technology that enhances safety or provides social interaction. The majority of data was based on qualitative research investigating factors in the pre-implementation stage. Acceptance in this stage is influenced by 27 factors , divided into six themes: concerns regarding technology e. When comparing these results to qualitative results on post-implementation acceptance, our analysis showed that some factors are persistent while new factors also emerge.
Quantitative results showed that a small number of variables have a significant influence in the pre-implementation stage. Fourteen out of. Effect of electronic device use on pedestrian safety : a literature review. An extensive literat Animal studies have evidenced protection of the auditory nerve by exogenous neurotrophic factors. In order to assess clinical applicability of neurotrophic treatment of the auditory nerve, the safety and efficacy of neurotrophic therapies in various human disorders were systematically reviewed.
Outcomes of our literature search included disorder, neurotrophic factor , administration route, therapeutic outcome, and adverse event. From articles retrieved, 20 randomized controlled trials including patients were selected.
Eighteen out of 20 trials deemed neurotrophic therapy to be safe, and six out of 17 studies concluded the neurotrophic therapy to be effective. Positive outcomes were generally small or contradicted by other studies.
Most non-neurodegenerative diseases treated by targeted deliveries of neurotrophic factors were considered safe and effective. Hence, since local delivery to the cochlea is feasible, translation from animal studies to human trials in treating auditory nerve degeneration seems promising.
Improving Safety through Human Factors Engineering. Human factors engineering HFE focuses on the design and analysis of interactive systems that involve people, technical equipment, and work environment. HFE is informed by knowledge of human characteristics. It complements existing patient safety efforts by specifically taking into consideration that, as humans, frontline staff will inevitably make mistakes.
Therefore, the systems with which they interact should be designed for the anticipation and mitigation of human errors. The goal of HFE is to optimize the interaction of humans with their work environment and technical equipment to maximize safety and efficiency. Special safeguards include usability testing, standardization of processes, and use of checklists and forcing functions. However, the effectiveness of the safety program and resiliency of the organization depend on timely reporting of all safety events independent of patient harm, including perceived potential risks, bad outcomes that occur even when proper protocols have been followed, and episodes of "improvisation" when formal guidelines are found not to exist.
Therefore, an institution must adopt a robust culture of safety , where the focus is shifted from blaming individuals for errors to preventing future errors, and where barriers to speaking up-including barriers introduced by steep authority gradients-are minimized. This requires creation of formal guidelines to address safety concerns, establishment of unified teams with open communication and shared responsibility for patient safety , and education of managers and senior physicians to perceive the reporting of safety concerns as a benefit rather than a threat.
An accident occurred at the NIF construction site on January 13, , in which a worker sustained a serious injury when a inch-diameter duct fell during installation. Following the accident, NIF Project Management chartered two review teams: 1 an Incident Analysis Team to independently assess the direct and root causes of the accident, and 2 a Management Review Team to review the roles and responsibilities of the line, support, and construction management organizations involved.
This report provides a discussion of the information gathered by the Management Review Team and provides a list of observations and recommendations based on an analysismore » of the information. The team was asked to evaluate the effectiveness of the line management and its supporting safety functions in managing safety during NIF construction. The remainder of this document describes the Management Review Team's review process Section 2 , its observations gathered during the review Section 3 , and its recommendations to the NIF Project Manager based on those observations Section 4.
Speaking up for patient safety by hospital-based health care professionals: a literature review. Background Speaking up is important for patient safety , but often, health care professionals hesitate to voice concerns. Understanding the influencing factors can help to improve speaking-up behaviour and team communication. Influencing factors were identified and then integrated into a model of voicing behaviour. Results In total, 26 studies were identified in 27 articles.
Some indicated that hesitancy to speak up can be an important contributing factor in communication errors and that training can improve speaking-up behaviour. To determine whether there is an association between healthcare professionals' wellbeing and burnout, with patient safety. Generally speaking, you either pre-pay or guarantee your hotel room. When a flight overbooks, they offer a free flight. Again you have generally pre-paid for your flight. With your car rental — you made a reservation.
In fact, you made two reservations. So both companies are to have a car tied up in case you show??? How in the world they make money like that is beyond me. So One or the other company was going to have someone not show up — so they should not book the car?? The company does not have anything either- they had an intent to enter into a contract but someone actually showed up and entered into the contract. Therefore, they did not have one for you. So if half the customers. YOU are the reason companies like Hertz overbook!
Are you serious? Get off your high horse, Gary Leff. Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Notify me of new posts by email. Gary Leff is one of the foremost experts in the field of miles, points, and frequent business travel -- a topic he has covered since This site is for entertainment purpose only.
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